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Abstract

A simple cellular automata model for a two-group war over the same “territory” is presented. It is shown that a qualitative advantage is not enough for a minority to win. A spatial organization as well a definite degree of aggressiveness are instrumental to overcome a less fitted majority. The model applies to a large spectrum of competing groups: smoker-non smoker war, epidemic spreading, opinion formation, competition for industrial standards and species evolution. In the last case, it provides a new explanation for punctuated equilibria.

PACS. 01.75.+m Science and society - 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics; Ising problems - 89.90.+n Other areas of general interest to physicists

Received: 21 April 1998 / Revised and Accepted: 22 April 1998