A simple cellular automata model for a two-group war over the same “territory” is presented. It is shown that a qualitative
advantage is not enough for a minority to win. A spatial organization as well a definite degree of aggressiveness are instrumental
to overcome a less fitted majority. The model applies to a large spectrum of competing groups: smoker-non smoker war, epidemic
spreading, opinion formation, competition for industrial standards and species evolution. In the last case, it provides a
new explanation for punctuated equilibria.
PACS. 01.75.+m Science and society - 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics; Ising problems - 89.90.+n Other areas of general
interest to physicists
Received: 21 April 1998 / Revised and Accepted: 22 April 1998