We study two-stage robust variants of combinatorial optimization problems like Steiner tree, Steiner forest, and uncapacitated facility location. The
robust optimization problems, previously studied by Dhamdhere et al. [1], Golovin et al. [6], and Feige et al. [4], are two-stage
planning problems in which the requirements are revealed after some decisions are taken in stage one. One has to then complete
the solution, at a higher cost, to meet the given requirements. In the robust Steiner tree problem, for example, one buys
some edges in stage one after which some terminals are revealed. In the second stage, one has to buy more edges, at a higher
cost, to complete the stage one solution to build a Steiner tree on these terminals. The objective is to minimize the total
cost under the worst-case scenario. In this paper, we focus on the case of exponentially many scenarios given implicitly. A scenario consists of any subset of k terminals (for Steiner tree), or any subset of k terminal-pairs (for Steiner forest), or any subset of k clients (for facility location). We present the first constant-factor approximation algorithms for the robust Steiner tree
and robust uncapacitated facility location problems. For the robust Steiner forest problem with uniform inflation, we present
an O(logn)-approximation and show that the problem with two inflation factors is impossible to approximate within O(log1/2 − ε
n) factor, for any constant ε> 0, unless NP has randomized quasi-polynomial time algorithms. Finally, we show APX-hardness of the robust min-cut problem
(even with singleton-set scenarios), resolving an open question by [1] and [6].