Aims/hypothesis:
A study of 7086 men and women born in Helsinki, Finland, has shown that the development of Type II (non-insulin-dependent)
diabetes mellitus is associated with low birth weight followed by accelerated gain in height and weight during childhood and
with high maternal BMI but the processes which underlie these associations are largely not known.
Methods:
We carried out standard oral glucose tolerance tests, and measured plasma insulin and proinsulin, serum lipid concentrations
and blood pressure in 474 patients from the Helsinki cohort.
Results:
We used four indices of insulin resistance: fasting and 2-h plasma insulin, and fasting proinsulin and 32–33 split proinsulin
concentrations. These were associated with small body size at birth and during childhood, rapid growth in height and low maternal
BMI.
Conclusion/interpretation:
Insulin resistance and Type II diabetes share common associations with retarded fetal growth and accelerated growth during
childhood. They are dissimilar, however, in that insulin resistance is associated with thinness in childhood and low maternal
BMI, while Type II diabetes is associated with high BMI in childhood and high maternal BMI. [Diabetologia (2002) 45: 342–348]
Keywords Fetal growth - childhood growth - maternal weight - insulin resistance - Type II diabetes.
Received: 23 August 2001 and in revised form: 2 November 2001