We prove the global existence of non-negative variational solutions to the “drift diffusion” evolution equation
¶t u+ div (uD(2 \fracDÖuÖu-f))=0{{\partial_t} u+ div \left(u{\mathrm{D}}\left(2 \frac{\Delta \sqrt u}{\sqrt u}-{f}\right)\right)=0} under variational boundary condition. Despite the lack of a maximum principle for fourth order equations, non-negative solutions
can be obtained as a limit of a variational approximation scheme by exploiting the particular structure of this equation,
which is the gradient flow of the (perturbed)
Fisher information functional
\fancyscript Ff(u):=\frac 12ò|D logu|2 u dx+òfu dx{\fancyscript F^f(u):=\frac 12\int \left|{\mathrm{D}} \log u\right|^2 {u} dx+\int fu dx} with respect to the Kantorovich–Rubinstein–Wasserstein distance between probability measures. We also study long-time behavior
of the solutions, proving their exponential decay to the equilibrium state
g = e
−V
characterized by
-DV+\frac12 |D V|2=f, òe-V dx=òu0dx,{-\Delta V+\frac12 \left|{\mathrm{D}} V\right|^2=f,\quad \int {\rm e}^{-V} dx=\int u_{0}dx,} when the potential
V is uniformly convex: in this case the functional
\fancyscript Ff{\fancyscript F^f} coincides with the
relative Fisher information
\fancyscript Ff(u)=\frac12\fancyscript I(u|g) = ò|Dlog(u/g)|2u dx{\fancyscript F^f(u)=\frac12\fancyscript I(u|g)= \int \left|{\mathrm{D}}\log(u/g)\right|^2u dx}.