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On the Effectiveness of Privacy Breach Disclosure Legislation in Europe: Empirical Evidence from the US Stock Market
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On the Effectiveness of Privacy Breach Disclosure Legislation in Europe: Empirical Evidence from the US Stock Market
Jan Muntermann19 and Heiko Roßnagel20 
| (19) |
Goethe-University Frankfurt, House of Finance, Grüneburgplatz 1, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany |
| (20) |
Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering (IAO), Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany |
Abstract
Several U.S. states have enacted laws that require organizations to notify the affected individuals if personal data under
their control is believed to have been acquired by an unauthorized person. In the EU, where a similar legislation is still
missing, several researchers have recommended the introduction of a security-breach notification law. The intention of these
laws is twofold. On one hand, they should enable affected individuals to take appropriate steps to protect themselves against
malicious impacts resulting from the breach. On the other hand, it was intended to create incentives for companies to undertake
steps to improve their security measures. In this contribution, we explore these incentives and present an event study in
order to examine the effects of privacy incident announcements on the stock prices of affected companies. Our results show
that there are significant price reactions on the next day following the announcements. By comparing these price reactions
with those observed for other event types, we detect that disclosed privacy incidents are perceived as marginal by the market.
The results show that existing disclosure regulation provides little to no incentives to invest in security measures to prevent
the occurrence of privacy breaches, since they are widely ignored by the capital markets. From the widely discussed incentive
perspective, the privacy breach disclosure legislation does not appear to be effectively addressing this goal.
Keywords Privacy Breaches - Event Study - Privacy Disclosure Regulation
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