We studied the possibility of reproducing syringomyelia in rabbits by injection of serum from patients with syringomyelia. Clinical signs of syringomyelia and morphological changes in the central nervous system (cavities, dilatation of the cerebrospinal channel, neurodegeneration, gliosis) developed in laboratory animals over 60–120 days. This laboratory model is easily reproducible, stable, and maximally similar to the natural disease, which suggests it for the studies of the pathogenesis and development of new therapeutic methods.