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On some meaningful inner product for real Klein—Gordon fields with positive semi-definite norm
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On some meaningful inner product for real Klein—Gordon fields with positive semi-definite norm
Frieder Kleefeld1, 2 
| (1) |
Centro de Física das Interacções Fundamentais (CFIF), Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal |
| (2) |
Present address: Doppler Institute for Mathematical Physics and Applied Mathematics & Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež near Prague, Czech Republic |
Received: 26 June 2006
Abstract A simple derivation of a meaningful, manifestly covariant inner product for real Klein—Gordon (KG) fields with positive semi-definite
norm is provided, which turns out — assuming a symmetric bilinear form — to be the real-KG-field limit of the inner product
for complex KG fields reviewed by A. Mostafazadeh and F. Zamani in December 2003, and February 2006 (quant-ph/0312078, quant-ph/0602151,
quant-ph/0602161). It is explicitly shown that the positive semi-definite norm associated with the derived inner product for
real KG fields measures the number of active positive and negative energy Fourier-modes of the real KG field on the relativistic
mass shell. The very existence of an inner product with positive semi-definite norm for the considered real, i.e. neutral,
KG fields shows that the metric operator entering the inner product does not contain the charge-conjugation operator. This
observation sheds some additional light on the meaning of the C operator in the CPT inner product of PT-symmetric quantum
mechanics defined by C.M. Bender, D.C. Brody and H.F. Jones.
Key words Klein—Gordon equation - inner product - norm - probability - PT symmetry
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