As late as 1870 a Torontoprofessor, William Hincks, schooled pupils in acircular system of classification. Althoughhis system
was derived from Macleay'squinarianism of the 1820s, Hincks had alteredit in several ways, influenced by botanicalmorphology.
He persistently promoted itthroughout the 1860s as an alternative toDarwinian evolution.
analogy - Canada – nineteenth century - floral diagrams - Hincks - idealism - Lindley - Macleay - Natural history – Classification - quinarianism - Swainson - symmetry - Toronto
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.