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Dynamic Active Constraints for Hyper-Redundant Flexible Robots

Ka-Wai Kwok21 Contact Information, George P. Mylonas21 Contact Information, Loi Wah Sun21 Contact Information, Mirna Lerotic21 Contact Information, James Clark21 Contact Information, Thanos Athanasiou22 Contact Information, Ara Darzi23 Contact Information and Guang-Zhong Yang21 Contact Information

(21)  Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Royal Society/Wolfson Medical Image Computing Laboratory,  
(22)  Department of Bio-Surgery and Surgical Technology,  
(23)  Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Abstract
In robot-assisted procedures, the surgeon’s ability can be enhanced by navigation guidance through the use of virtual fixtures or active constraints. This paper presents a real-time modeling scheme for dynamic active constraints with fast and simple mesh adaptation under cardiac deformation and changes in anatomic structure. A smooth tubular pathway is constructed which provides assistance for a flexible hyper-redundant robot to circumnavigate the heart with the aim of undertaking bilateral pulmonary vein isolation as part of a modified maze procedure for the treatment of debilitating arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. In contrast to existing approaches, the method incorporates detailed geometrical constraints with explicit manipulation margins of the forbidden region for an entire articulated surgical instrument, rather than just the end-effector itself. Detailed experimental validation is conducted to demonstrate the speed and accuracy of the instrument navigation with and without the use of the proposed dynamic constraints.

Contact Information Ka-Wai Kwok
Email: k.kwok07@imperial.ac.uk

Contact Information George P. Mylonas
Email: george.mylonas@imperial.ac.uk

Contact Information Loi Wah Sun
Email: l.sun@imperial.ac.uk

Contact Information Mirna Lerotic
Email: mirna.lerotic@imperial.ac.uk

Contact Information James Clark
Email: j.clark@imperial.ac.uk

Contact Information Thanos Athanasiou
Email: t.athanasiou@imperial.ac.uk

Contact Information Ara Darzi
Email: a.darzi@imperial.ac.uk

Contact Information Guang-Zhong Yang
Email: g.z.yang@imperial.ac.uk
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