Our approach to class file optimization is to first convert the stack-based bytecode into Jimple, a three-address form more amenable to traditional program optimization, and then convert the optimized Jimple back to bytecode.

In order to demonstrate that our approach is feasible, we present experimental results showing the effects of processing class files through our framework. In particular, we study the techniques necessary to effectively translate Jimple back to bytecode, without losing performance. Finally, we demonstrate that class file optimization can be quite effective by showing the results of some basic optimizations using our framework. Our experiments were done on ten benchmarks, including seven SPECjvm98 benchmarks, and were executed on five different Java virtual machine implementations.