We propose to investigate the concept of an Emergent Programming Environment enabling the development of complex adaptive systems. For this we use as a foundation the concept of emergence and a multi-agent system technology based on cooperative self-organizing mechanisms. The general objective is then to develop a complete programming language in which each instruction is an autonomous agent trying to be in a cooperative state with the other agents of the system, as well as with the environment of the system. The work presented here aims at showing the feasibility of such a concept by specifying, and experimenting with, a core of instruction-agents needed for a sub-set of mathematical calculus.