Afnor 7020 (Al–4.5Zn–1.5Mg) is an aluminum alloy used in the fabrication of propellant tanks for satellite launch vehicles.
The cylindrical portion of the tank (6 m length and 2.1 m diameter) is fabricated by TIG welding of 4.5 mm-thick sheets, while
end domes at both the ends are fabricated by welding petals. Shrink fit nozzles; machined from forgings in T652 condition,
provide nozzle openings for liquid conduit. One such tank developed crack at nozzle weld region during storage, 5 years after
construction. The in-depth metallurgical analysis revealed that the crack developed due to stress corrosion cracking which
was promoted by the formation of a liquated region during the welding operations.
Keywords Failure analysis of propellant tank - Al–Zn–Mg aluminum alloy - Liquated film in aluminum alloy - Stress corrosion cracking