The concept of clocking for QCA, referred to as the four-phase clocking, is widely used. However, inherited characteristics
of QCA, such as the way to hold state, the way to synchronize data flows, and the way to power QCA cells, make the design
of QCA circuits quite different from VLSI and introduce a variety of new design challenges. The most severe challenges are
due to the fact that the overall timing of a QCA circuit is mainly dependent upon its layout. This issue is commonly referred
to as the “
layout = timing” problem. To circumvent the problem, a novel self-timed circuit design technique referred to as the Locally Synchronous,
globally asynchronous design for QCA has been recently proposed. The proposed technique can significantly reduce the layout–timing
dependency from the global network of QCA devices in a circuit; therefore, considerably flexible QCA circuit design is be
possible. Also, the proposed technique is more scalable in designing large-scale systems. Since a less number of cells is
used, the overall area is smaller and the manufacturability is better. In this paper, numerous multi-bit adder designs are
considered to demonstrate the layout efficiency and robustness of the proposed globally asynchronous QCA design technique.
Keywords QCA (quantum-dot cellular automata) - Asynchronous architecture - Layout timing problem - Scalability - Robustness
Responsible Editor: N. A. Touba
This work is an extension of the paper presented at IEEE DFT06.