The epistemological version of structural realism, proposed by Cao Tianyu, has great influence in the philosophy of science. Syntheses has published a special volume discussing the topic. Cao criticizes anti-realism, as well as the epistemic and ontic versions of structural realism. From the concepts of structure, ontology, and construction, he analyzes the objectivity of scientific theories as having five aspects: construction, historicity, holism, revision, and revolution. This paper systematically analyzes and comments on Cao's structural realism. The author agrees with his criticism of the under-determination thesis, is neutral to his argument against ontological discontinuity, and questions his universal language argument.

曹天予提出的结构实在论知识论版本在科学哲学界有很大影响, 并引发了 «综合» 期刊专刊讨论。 他既批评反实在论的观点, 也对结构实在论的知识版本与本体版本有所批判。 他从结构、 本体、 建构这三个概念出发, 论证了科学理论的客观性体现为建构性、 历史性、 整体性、 修正性、 革命性。 本文对曹天予的结构实在论进行了系统的梳理与分析, 赞同他对 “不充分决定” 论旨的批评, 对他批评 “本体论不连续性” 持中立态度, 但对他的 “普遍语法论证” 有所存疑。