Bounded model checking (BMC) is a procedure that searches for counterexamples to a given property through bounded executions of a non-terminating
system. This paper compares the performance of SAT-based, BDD-based and explicit state based BMC on benchmarks drawn from
commercial designs. Our experimental framework provides a uniform and comprehensive basis to evaluate each of these approaches.
The experimental results in this paper suggest that for designs with deep counterexamples, BDD-based BMC is much faster. For designs with shallow counterexamples, we observe that indeed SAT-based BMC is more effective than BDD-based BMC, but we also observe that explicit
state based BMC is comparably effective, a new observation.