Attempto Controlled English for Knowledge Representation
Norbert E. Fuchs1
, Kaarel Kaljurand1
and Tobias Kuhn1 
| (1) |
Department of Informatics & Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Switzerland |
Abstract
Attempto Controlled English (ACE) is a controlled natural language, i.e. a precisely defined subset of English that can automatically
and unambiguously be translated into first-order logic. ACE may seem to be completely natural, but is actually a formal language,
concretely it is a first-order logic language with an English syntax. Thus ACE is human and machine understandable. ACE was
originally intended to specify software, but has since been used as a general knowledge representation language in several
application domains, most recently for the semantic web. ACE is supported by a number of tools, predominantly by the Attempto
Parsing Engine (APE) that translates ACE texts into Discourse Representation Structures (DRS), a variant of first-order logic.
Other tools include the Attempto Reasoner RACE, the AceRules system, the ACE View plug-in for the Protégé ontology editor,
AceWiki, and the OWL verbaliser.
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