Understanding the hierarchical relationships among biochemical, metabolic, and physiological systems in the mapping between
genotype and phenotype is expected to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of common, complex human diseases.
We previously developed a systems biology approach based on Petri nets for carrying out thought experiments for the generation
of hypotheses about biological network models that are consistent with genetic models of disease susceptibility. Our systems
biology strategy uses grammatical evolution for symbolic manipulation and optimization of Petri net models. We previously
demonstrated that this approach routinely identifies biological systems models that are consistent with a variety of complex
genetic models in which disease susceptibility is determined by nonlinear interactions between two DNA sequence variations.
However, the modeling strategy was generally not successful when extended to modeling nonlinear interactions between three
DNA sequence variations. In the present study, we develop a new grammar that uniformly generates Petri net models across the
entire search space. The results indicate that choice of grammar plays an important role in the success of grammatical evolution
searches in this bioinformatics modeling domain.
This revised version was published online in February 2005. A German hyphenation system was inadvertently used in the original
version. The book has also been corrected and reprinted.