There is now a very large number of patients with coronary artery disease who have also undergone percutaneous interventions such as coronary angioplasty. Atherosclerosis and restenosis are two distinct pathologic processes with different underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, different natural histories, different clinical presentations, and treatment strategies. Management strategies to target both processes are currently poorly applied in clinical practice. The development of integrated management strategies to target atherosclerosis, as well as restenosis in the post-procedural period remains a priority.