Developing a generalized approach to quantitative thermodynamic description of chemical phenomena within solution phases demanded improving the denotative system of the key notions and the corresponding chemical thermodynamic formalism. This paper gives a concise but full account of the results of these investigations. In particular, the specific features of solution substance partitioning into so-called partial components (and forms assigned to them) are shown, and a system of standardization of their partial characteristics is presented. This system constructively generalizes the tremendous experience accumulated at present in the field of chemical thermodynamic modeling of the state of a substance in aqueous solutions (taking into account the effective principle of locality and partiality of any internal equilibria). The system is applicable to chemical thermodynamic “structuring” of other multicomponent liquid phases, liquid phase-solid solutions, and heterogeneous systems.