We present three algorithms to count the number of distinct elements in a data stream to within a factor of 1 ±ε. Our algorithms
improve upon known algorithms for this problem, and offer a spectrum of time/space tradeoffs.
Part of this work was done while the author was visiting IBM Almaden Research Center. Supported by NSF Grant CCR-9820897.
Work supported by a Sloan Research Fellowship and an NSF Career Award.