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Real-Time Simulation of Minimally-Invasive Surgery with Cutting Based on Boundary Element Methods
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187. Real-Time Simulation of Minimally-Invasive Surgery with Cutting Based on Boundary Element Methods
Ullrich Meier15, 6 , Carlos Monserrat5 , Nils-Christian Parr5, Francisco Javier García5, 6 and José Antonio Gil5
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MedICLab, ETSIA, DEGI, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain |
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Institut für Angewandte Mechanik und Bauinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 11, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany |
Abstract
Most deformable models for surgery simulation are quite straightforward to achieve the computational speed required for real
time simulation. However, they typically are more adjusted to merely graphical representation needs, i.e. surface-oriented
(e.g. mass-spring type models), and neglect mechanical realism, although the simulation of cutting in real time is feasible.
Finite element (FEM) based models, in turn, depart from continuum mechanics principles, and therefore are more realistic in
many cases. But their volumetric structure is not optimal for graphical representation and in this sense produces excessive
data, eventually impeding a real-time simulation of incisions. While parting from the same hypotheses as FEM models, a boundary
element (BEM) based algorithm passes the influence of an organ.s interior to its surface. Thus, it yields comparable simulation
results as the prior, but with less data to process. This enables the consideration in real time of local modifications of
the underlying boundary element mesh produced when cutting. Actually, the presented algorithm has been successfully tested
to simulate incisions in real time.
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