ISOMap is a popular method for nonlinear dimensionality reduction in batch mode, but need to run its entirety inefficiently
if the data comes sequentially. In this paper, we present an extension of ISOMap, namely I-ISOMap, augmenting the existing
ISOMap framework to the situation where additional points become available after initial manifold is constructed. The MDS
step, as a key component in ISOMap, is adapted by introducing Spring model and sampling strategy. As a result, it consumes
only linear time to obtain a stable layout due to the Spring model’s iterative nature. The proposed method outperforms earlier
work by Law [1], where their MDS step runs within quadratic time. Experimental results show that I-ISOMap is a precise and
efficient technique for capturing evolving manifold.