We study the problem of
n users selfishly routing traffic through a network consisting of
m parallel related links. Users route their traffic by choosing private probability distributions over the links with the aim
of minimizing their private latency. In such an environment Nash equilibria represent stable states of the system: no user
can improve its private latency by unilaterally changing its strategy.
Nashification is the problem of converting any given non-equilibrium routing into a Nash equilibrium without increasing the
social cost. Our first result is an
O(
nm
2) time algorithm for Nashification. This algorithm can be used in combination with any approximation algorithm for the routing
problem to compute a Nash equilibrium of the same quality. In particular, this approach yields a PTAS for the computation
of a best Nash equilibrium. Furthermore, we prove a lower bound of
$
\Omega \left( {2^{\sqrt n } } \right)
$
\Omega \left( {2^{\sqrt n } } \right)
and an upper bound of
O(2
n) for the number of greedy selfish steps for identical link capacities in the worst case.
In the second part of the paper we introduce a new structural parameter which allows us to slightly improve the upper bound
on the coordination ratio for pure Nash equilibria in [
3]. The new bound holds for the individual coordination ratio and is asymptotically tight. Additionally, we prove that the
known upper bound of
$
\frac{{1 + \sqrt {4m - 3} }}
{2}
$
\frac{{1 + \sqrt {4m - 3} }}
{2}
on the coordination ratio for pure Nash equilibria also holds for the individual coordination ratio in case of mixed Nash
equilibria, and we determine the range of
m for which this bound is tight.
Partly supported by the DFG-SFB 376 and by the IST Program of the EU under contract numbers IST-1999-14186 (ALCOM-FT), and
IST-2001-33116 (FLAGS).
International Graduate School of Dynamic Intelligent Systems