A major challenge of the heterogeneous wireless networks is how to jointly utilize the resources of different radio access
technologies in an efficient manner. In this paper, system performance, such as the block probability and throughput, was
investigated in communication hot spots overlapped by heterogeneous networks: cellular, WLAN, and WiMax networks. Two cooperative
load-balancing strategies based on hops-limited routing algorithm of ad hoc network are proposed in order to raise the resource
utilization of the whole overlapping heterogeneous networks. They both firstly make a decision whether to admit a new call
or not based on common radio resource management strategies, and in overloaded condition, select certain traffic to transfer
into targeted BS/AP according to minimum price strategy or minimum load BS/AP and nearest traffic strategy, which take into
account these factors such as load index, number of hops, traffic prediction, cost, etc. An analytical model is used to compute
the call block probability and throughput performance for two different traffic models. Simulation results show that the proposed
load-balancing strategies can distribute traffics to the whole heterogeneous wireless networks, decrease the call block probability,
improve system throughputs efficiently, and obviously outperform HM-MACA and HS-TC load-balancing strategies.
Keywords Load balancing - Multihop routing algorithm - Radio resource management - Heterogeneous wireless networks