The disjunction effect (Tversky and Shafir in Psychol Sci 3:305–309,
1992) occurs when decision makers prefer option x (versus y) when knowing that event A occurs and also when knowing that event
A does not occur, but they refuse x (or prefer y) when not knowing whether or not A occurs. This form of incoherence violates
Savage’s (Cognition 57:31–95,
1954) sure-thing principle, one of the basic axioms of the rational theory of decision-making. The phenomenon was attributed to
a lack of clear reasons for accepting an option (x) when the subjects are under uncertainty. Through a pragmatic analysis
of the task and a consequent reformulation of it, we show that the effect does not depend on the presence of uncertainty,
but on the introduction into the text-problem of a non-relevant goal.
Keywords Pragmatics - Disjunction effect - Decision making under uncertainty