The output from the central nervous system to muscles may be rhythmic in nature. Previous recordings investigating peripheral
manifestations of such rhythmic activity are conflicting. This study attempts to resolve these conflicts by employing a novel
arrangement to measure and correlate rhythms in tremor, electromyographic (EMG) activity and muscle vibration sounds during
steady index finger abduction. An elastic attachment of the index finger to a strain gauge allowed a strong but relatively
unfixed abducting contraction of the first dorsal interosseous (1DI). An accelerometer attached to the end of the finger recorded
tremor, surface electrodes over 1DI recorded EMG signals and a heart-sounds monitor placed over 1DI recorded vibration. This
arrangement enabled maintenance of a constant overall muscle contraction strength while still allowing measurement of the
occurrence of tremulous movements of the finger. Ten normal subjects were studied with the index finger first extended at
rest and then contracting 1DI to abduct the index finger against three different steady forces up to 50% of maximal voluntary
contraction (MVC). Power spectral analysis of tremor, EMG activity and muscle vibration signals each revealed three frequency
peaks occurring together at around 10 Hz, 20 Hz and 40 Hz. Coherence analysis showed that the same three peaks were present
in the three signals. Phase analysis indicated a fixed time lag of tremor behind EMG of around 6.5 ms. This is compared with
previous measurements of electromechanical delay. Other experiments indicated that the three peaks were of central nervous
origin. Introducing mechanical perturbations or extra loading to the finger and making recordings under partial anaesthesia
of the hand and forearm demonstrated preservation of all the peaks, suggesting that they did not originate from mechanical
resonances or peripheral feedback loop resonances. It is concluded that, at least for a small hand muscle, there exist not
one but a number of separate peak frequencies of oscillation during active contraction, and that these oscillations reflect
synchronization of motor units at frequencies determined within the central nervous system. It is proposed that the multiple
oscillations may be a means of frequency coding of motor commands.
Key words Tremor - Electromyogram - Muscle vibration - Frequency analysis - Human
Received: 23 April 1996 / Accepted: 8 October 1996