Chronic pain often is assumed to have so many psychologic attachments that a “simple” approach to treatment, while not uncommonly tried, is expected to resuit in failure (a not uncommon result). Chronic pain that “fails” drug management then often is considered to be “psychologically” based (ie, “not real”), and referral is made to a mental health specialist. Thus, “mind” and “body” are treated as separate entities. This article emphasizes a more integrated approach, with increased recognition of the meanings of behavior by the anesthesiologist, enhanced involvement of the generalist (eg, pediatrician), and a closer collaboration between the mental health and pain specialists.