The hard rime observations at the meteorological observatory of the Geophysical Institute of the Czechosl. Acad. Sci. on Milešovka
(cone-shaped mountain, ф=50°33′ N, λ=13°58′ E,
h=837 m, relative height about surrounding country cca 450 m) are regarded as representative for the medium heights above sea
level in Bohemia. Hard rime occurs on an average 65 days a year, the hard-rime period lasting approximately 160 days (beginning
around 7·11, end around 14·4). Table I gives the average numbers of days with soft rime, hard rime, glaze, fog and low cloudiness,
the basis of which is below the level of the mountain peak. Table II gives the average yearly number of cases of hard rime
of different duration (in hours). The mean temperature at which hard rime occurs is −3·7°C (the corresponding deviation from
the normal is −1·0° C). The prevailing wind force during hard rime is 4–7 deg. Beaufort, the prevailing directions from ESE
over S and W to NW. The frequency distribution of the direction and force of the wind during hard rime is given in Tab. V.
Figure 1 shows the approximate probability of the existence of hard rime for different synoptic types (according to the classification
in [3]) and finally Fig. 2 represents the dependence of the occurrence of hard rime on the circulationally significant changes
in atmospheric pressure.
It follows from the paper that the carrier of hard rime at medium heights above sea level in Bohemia is primarily frontal
cloudiness, or orographic clouds produced during strong flow in the neighbourhood of frontal systems and at the edges of anti-cyclones.
Hard rime rarely occurs during fog in temperature inversion because the upper boundary of the favourable conditions in these
cases does not as a rule exceed 600 to 700 m. Since hard rime settles on the luff-side of objects, the results lead to the
conclusion for technical practice that objects installed on the NE to E sides of buildings, towers etc. or forest growth on
slopes oriented towards the NE to E are the least threatened by hard rime.
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