Volume 44, Number 19, 5420-5427, DOI: 10.1007/s10853-009-3686-2

Relaxor behavior of (1 − x)BaTiO3x(Bi3/4Na1/4)(Mg1/4Ti3/4)O3 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) ferroelectric ceramic

Liying Wu, Xiaoli Wang, Jimmy H. Wang, Ruyan Guo and Amar S. Bhalla

From the issue entitled "Special Issue: Recent Developments in Ferroelectric Nanostructures and Multilayers; Guest Editors: S. P. Alpay, V. Nagarajan, and G. A. Rossetti, Jr."

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Abstract

The (1 − x)BaTiO3x(Bi3/4Na1/4)(Mg1/4Ti3/4)O3 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction route. Their dielectric properties were found to follow a modified Curie–Weiss law and an empirical Lorenz-type relation in respective temperature regions. Their dielectric relaxation times fit well with the Vogel–Fulcher relation for x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. For x = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8, however, the fitting curves of Vogel–Fulcher relation showed certain deviation from the experimental data. Based on the theoretical treatment of Landau–Ginsburg–Devonshire theory, an approximate treatment of the E-field dependence of the permittivity was adopted and found to describe well the field dependence of the permittivity for x = 0.3 at temperatures equal to and below T m (temperature of maximum dielectric permittivity). A combined Langevin-type expression used in the present work appears to give a good account for the field dependence of the permittivity, assuming polar regions are of a statistical cluster size. For polar clusters of linear dimension L ~ 4–8 nm for instance, the fitted values of polarization are in the range of P ~ 6.2–9.8 μC/cm2.

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