Experiences from the step-wiseimplementation of the Norwegian national systemfor quality assurance and accreditation providethe empirical base for discussing (1) thereadiness among higher education institutionsto take an active share in the national systemand (2) the potential of a national qualityassurance and accreditation system to fulfil adouble aim of controlling and enhancingquality. The findings indicate that akey element for a successful implementation ofthe new system is the institutions' ownunderstanding of the rationale behind thesystem. Internal evaluations, annual reportsand quantitative institutional basic data mustbe considered and also used by theinstitutional leaders and the academic staffmembers as ``tools'' for meaningful internalquality work and not just looked upon asstrange elements requested from ``above''. Theinstitutions' quality work must be considered acrucial ``instrument'' for strategic managementof the entire institution.