Comprehensive analyses of the human epigenome may be of critical importance in understanding the molecular mechanisms of complex
diseases, development, aging, tissue specificity, parental origin effects, and sex differences, among other systemic aspects
of human biology. However, traditional DNA methylation methods allowed for screening of only relatively short DNA fragments.
The advent of microarrays has provided new possibilities in DNA methylation analysis, because this technology is able to interrogate
a very large number of loci in a highly parallel fashion. There are several permutations of the microarray application in
DNA methylation profiling, and such include microarray analysis of bisulfite modified DNA and also the enriched unmethylated
or hypermethylated DNA fractions using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes or antibodies against methylated cytosines.
The method described in detail here is based on the analysis of the enriched unmethylated DNA fraction, using a series of
treatments with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, adaptor ligation, PCR amplification, and quantitative mapping of
unmethylated DNA sequences using microarrays. The key advantages of this approach are the ability to investigate DNA methylation
patterns using very small DNA amounts and relatively high informativeness in comparison to the other restriction-enzyme- based
strategies for DNA methylation profiling [1].
Keywords DNA methylation – microarrays – epigenetic profiling – epigenetic biomarkers – whole genome approach – epigenetics