Volume 39, Number 4, 275-289, DOI: 10.1007/s10863-007-9089-7

The boxing glove shape of subunit d of the yeast V-ATPase in solution and the importance of disulfide formation for folding of this protein

Youg R. Thaker, Manfred Roessle and Gerhard Grüber

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Abstract

The low resolution structure of subunit d (Vma6p) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae V-ATPase was determined from solution X-ray scattering data. The protein is a boxing glove-shaped molecule consisting of two distinct domains, with a width of about 6.5 nm and 3.5 nm, respectively. To understand the importance of the N- and C-termini inside the protein, four truncated forms of subunit d (d 11–345, d 38–345, d 1–328 and d 1–298) and mutant subunit d, with a substitution of Cys329 against Ser, were expressed, and only d 11–345, containing all six cysteine residues was soluble. The structural properties of d depends strongly on the presence of a disulfide bond. Changes in response to disulfide formation have been studied by fluorescence- and CD spectroscopy, and biochemical approaches. Cysteins, involved in disulfide bridges, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Finally, the solution structure of subunit d will be discussed in terms of the topological arrangement of the V1VO ATPase.

Keywords  Vacuolar-type ATPase - V1VO ATPase - V1 ATPase - Vma6p - Subunit d  - Small angle X-ray scattering - A1AO ATP synthase - Subunit C - Peripheral stalk

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