Implementation of findings of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) has dramatically changed diabetes care for pediatric patients. The purpose of this chapter, within the broader scope of this book, is to examine unique issues in caring for children and adolescents with diabetes and provide a synopsis of current clinical practice and research findings relevant to care of this population. Normative aspects of growth and development provide background to the need for tailoring diabetes education and self-care expectations according to a child’s age and developmental stage. The role of the diabetes educator working with children and families during specific transition points through childhood is examined: school issues, camping diabetes style, adolescence, and transition to young adulthood.