The James Webb Space Telescope Jonathan P. Gardner1  , John C. Mather1, Mark Clampin2, Rene Doyon3, Matthew A. Greenhouse1, Heidi B. Hammel4, John B. Hutchings5, Peter Jakobsen6, Simon J. Lilly7, Knox S. Long8, Jonathan I. Lunine9, Mark J. Mccaughrean10, 11, Matt Mountain8, John Nella12, George H. Rieke13, Marcia J. Rieke13, Hans-Walter Rix14, Eric P. Smith15, George Sonneborn1, Massimo Stiavelli8, H. S. Stockman8, Rogier A. Windhorst16 and Gillian S. Wright17 | (1) | Laboratory for Observational Cosmology, Code 665, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, U.S.A. |
| (2) | Laboratory for Exoplanet and Stellar Astrophysics, Code 667, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, U.S.A. |
| (3) | Departement de Physique, Université de Montreal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7 |
| (4) | Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Avenue, Suite 205, Boulder, CO, 80301, U.S.A. |
| (5) | Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V9E 2E7 |
| (6) | Astrophysics Division, RSSD, European Space Agency, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands |
| (7) | Department of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich), ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland |
| (8) | Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, U.S.A. |
| (9) | Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, U.S.A. |
| (10) | Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany |
| (11) | School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, U.K. |
| (12) | Northrop Grumman Space Technology, 1 Space Park, Redondo Beach, CA, 90278, U.S.A. |
| (13) | Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85721, U.S.A. |
| (14) | Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany |
| (15) | NASA Headquarters, 300 E Street Southwest, Washington DC, 20546, U.S.A. |
| (16) | Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University, Box 871504, Tempe, AZ, 85287, U.S.A. |
| (17) | Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, U.K. |
Received: 8 March 2006 Accepted: 15 May 2006 Published online: 1 November 2006 Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large (6.6 m), cold (<50 K), infrared (IR)-optimized space observatory that will be launched early in the next decade into orbit around the second Earth–Sun Lagrange point. The observatory will have four instruments: a near-IR camera, a near-IR multiobject spectrograph, and a tunable filter imager will cover the wavelength range, 0.6 < ; < 5.0 μ m, while the mid-IR instrument will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5.0 < ; < 29 μ m. The JWST science goals are divided into four themes. The key objective of The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization theme is to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe. The key objective of The Assembly of Galaxies theme is to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day. The key objective of The Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems theme is to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars to the genesis of planetary systems. The key objective of the Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme is to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems. Within these themes and objectives, we have derived representative astronomical observations. To enable these observations, JWST consists of a telescope, an instrument package, a spacecraft, and a sunshield. The telescope consists of 18 beryllium segments, some of which are deployed. The segments will be brought into optical alignment on-orbit through a process of periodic wavefront sensing and control. The instrument package contains the four science instruments and a fine guidance sensor. The spacecraft provides pointing, orbit maintenance, and communications. The sunshield provides passive thermal control. The JWST operations plan is based on that used for previous space observatories, and the majority of JWST observing time will be allocated to the international astronomical community through annual peer-reviewed proposal opportunities. Keywords galaxies: formation - infrared: general - planetary systems - space vehicles: instruments - stars: formation
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