Volume 13, Number 2, 189-194, DOI: 10.1007/BF01889480

Nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics: The Lamb shift

A. O. Barut and J. Kraus

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Abstract

The nonlinear integro-differential equation, obtained from the coupled Maxwell-Dirac equations by eliminating the potential Amgr, is solved by iteration rather than perturbation. The energy shift is complex, the imaginary part giving the spontaneous emission. Both self-energy and vacuum polarization terms are obtained. All results, including renormalization terms, are finite.

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