Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an outcrossing hexaploid grass species widely grown for forage and turf purposes. Transgenic tall fescue plants were generated by biolistic transformation of embryogenic cell suspension cultures of the commonly used cultivar Kentucky-31. T1 and T2 progenies were obtained after reciprocal crosses between transgenic and untransformed control plants. Molecular analysis of the progenies revealed stable meiotic transmission of transgenes following Mendelian rules in transgenic tall fescue. Agronomic performance of the primary transgenics and primary regenerants under field conditions were generally inferior to seed-derived plants, with primary transgenics having fewer tillers and lower seed yield. However, no major differences between the progenies of transgenics and the progenies of seed-derived plants were found for the agronomic traits evaluated. The addition of a selectable marker gene in the plant genome seems to have little effect on the agronomic performance of the regenerated plants. No indication of weediness was observed for the transgenic tall fescue plants. An experiment on pollen dispersal has also been carried out using transgenic tall fescue in a central plot, surrounded by untransformed recipient plants in a wagon wheel design. The highest transgene frequencies, 0.88% at 50 m and 0.59% at 100 m, were observed north of the central plot, the prevailing wind direction. Issues regarding experimental design for gene flow studies and future directions on risk assessment of forage and turf grasses are discussed.