Background  Prosthetic mesh reinforcement is standard practice for inguinal hernia repair but can cause considerable pain and stiffness around the groin and affect physical functioning. This has led to various types of mesh being engineered, with a growing interest in a lighter weight mesh. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the outcome after laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal (TEP) inguinal repair using new lightweight or traditional heavyweight mesh performed in a single specialist centre.

Methods  Between November 2004 and July 2005, 250 patients underwent laparoscopic TEP inguinal repair using either lightweight (Ultrapro^®, 30 g/m²) or heavyweight (Prolene^®, 100 g/m²) mesh. Follow-up data was obtained using case note review and telephone-based questionnaire. Patients were followed up within the early and late post-operative periods to assess any changes in outcome.

Results  Follow-up information was obtained for 188 (75%) out of 250 patients. There was no difference between lightweight and heavyweight groups in the incidence or severity of pain/discomfort at mean 4 and 15 months follow-up. There was significantly less interference with physical activity at short and long term follow-up in the lightweight group, in particular lifting (9% vs 21% at mean 4 months, Mann–Whitney U, P = 0.024), walking (1% vs 11% at mean 15 months, Mann–Whitney U, P = 0.006) and vigorous activities (7% vs 19% at mean 15 months, Mann–Whitney-U, P = 0.012). There was no significant difference in awareness of mesh or stiffness in the groin.

Conclusions  Laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair with a lightweight mesh improves functional outcome in the short and long term. There was significantly less interference with all aspects of physical activity with the lightweight mesh. Pain in both groups was very mild, highlighting the benefits of laparoscopic surgery.