· Background: Clinical anophthalmia is characterized by the absence of an eyeball within the orbit and can result in overall growth retardation of the facial skeleton. The goal of treatment consists of fitting a serial prosthesis following rapid expansion of the contracted socket as soon as possible to achieve cosmetically acceptable eyelid and orbital symmetry. · Methods: Four children, aged 3-11 months, were treated by implantation of an anhydrous, highly hydrophilic tissue expander into the rudimentary conjunctival sac. With hydration of up to 98% in 72 h, the copolymer of methylmethacrylate and vinylpyrrolidone acts like an osmotically self-inducing socket expander. · Results: In the course of 2 months the previous contracted socket was enlarged, the horizontal lid length increased and the hydrated expander could be exchanged for a custom-made glass prosthesis. · Conclusion: Preliminary results suggest that this new device can be used to avoid early plastic surgery of the eyelid. In addition, it also may enlarge the volume of the bony orbit.