Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women in the USA. Women with diabetes are at a greater risk of CVD than men with diabetes. In this chapter we review the various mechanisms by which hyperglycemia potentiates this increased CVD risk, including coagulation abnormalities as well as endothelial dysfunction. Where applicable, sex-specific differences in these mechanisms are highlighted. Finally, the impact and burden of diabetes on CVD as well as screening for CVD in women are discussed.