Minimally invasive robotic surgery (MIRS) entails total absence of haptic feedback due to the spatial separation of patient
and surgeon. In conventional surgery, however, palpation to detect superficial arteries by a slight pulsation is an important,
commonly applied, and security-relevant procedure. Therefore, an ultrasound based unidirectional sensor for MIRS was developed
feeding back kinesthetic impulses to the surgeon-sided haptic input device.
Keywords Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery - Telesurgery - Ultrasound - Tactility - Modality Substitution