The symmetrical dynamics of 1

1 rhythmic bimanual coordination may be specified by an order parameter equation involving the relative phase between rhythmic components, and an interlimb coupling which determines the relative attractiveness of in-phase and anti-phase patterns. Symmetry breaking of these dynamics can occur via the difference in the natural frequencies,


, of the left and right rhythmic components, or by the intrinsic asymmetrical dynamics of the body. The latter is captured by additional terms that render the symmetrical coupling slightly anisotropic. A major prediction resulting from this step is that although


=0, as the frequency of coordination is increased, the asymmetrical coupling will increase and the symmetrical coupling will decrease. This results in a greater left-limb bias in left-handers and right-limb bias in right-handers. This

increased handedness

prediction was confirmed in an experiment in which 20 left-handed and 20 right-handed individuals performed 1

1 coordination with hand-held rigid pendulums. Manipulations of left and right pendulum lengths controlled


, and the coupled frequency was determined by a metronome. Also confirmed was the prediction that the small shift in equilibria from in-phase and anti-phase due to the intrinsic asymmetry should be amplified in left-handers when


> 0 and in right-handers when


< 0.="" further,="" the="" bias="" in="" left-handers="" was="" more="" consistent="" than="" the="" bias="" in="" right-handers,="" and="" a="" subgroup="" of="" right-handers="" was="" identified="" who="" performed="" similarly="" to="" left-handers.="" the="" coordination="" dynamics="" of="" functional="" asymmetry="" provides="" insights="" into="" the="" elementary="" synergy="" between="" the="" limbs,="" the="" dynamical="" mechanism="" that="" modulates="" it,="" and="" the="" nature="" of="" the="" asymmetry="" in="" left-handed="" and="" right-handed="">
Key words Handedness - Dynamics - Rhythmic movement - Synergies - Human