Volume 107, Number 3, 463-478, DOI: 10.1007/BF00230426

Symmetry, broken symmetry, and handedness in bimanual coordination dynamics

P. J. Treffner and M. T. Turvey

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Abstract

The symmetrical dynamics of 1ratio1 rhythmic bimanual coordination may be specified by an order parameter equation involving the relative phase between rhythmic components, and an interlimb coupling which determines the relative attractiveness of in-phase and anti-phase patterns. Symmetry breaking of these dynamics can occur via the difference in the natural frequencies, Deltaohgr, of the left and right rhythmic components, or by the intrinsic asymmetrical dynamics of the body. The latter is captured by additional terms that render the symmetrical coupling slightly anisotropic. A major prediction resulting from this step is that although Deltaohgr=0, as the frequency of coordination is increased, the asymmetrical coupling will increase and the symmetrical coupling will decrease. This results in a greater left-limb bias in left-handers and right-limb bias in right-handers. This ldquoincreased handednessrdquo prediction was confirmed in an experiment in which 20 left-handed and 20 right-handed individuals performed 1ratio 1 coordination with hand-held rigid pendulums. Manipulations of left and right pendulum lengths controlled Deltaohgr, and the coupled frequency was determined by a metronome. Also confirmed was the prediction that the small shift in equilibria from in-phase and anti-phase due to the intrinsic asymmetry should be amplified in left-handers when Deltaohgr > 0 and in right-handers when Deltaohgr < 0.="" further,="" the="" bias="" in="" left-handers="" was="" more="" consistent="" than="" the="" bias="" in="" right-handers,="" and="" a="" subgroup="" of="" right-handers="" was="" identified="" who="" performed="" similarly="" to="" left-handers.="" the="" coordination="" dynamics="" of="" functional="" asymmetry="" provides="" insights="" into="" the="" elementary="" synergy="" between="" the="" limbs,="" the="" dynamical="" mechanism="" that="" modulates="" it,="" and="" the="" nature="" of="" the="" asymmetry="" in="" left-handed="" and="" right-handed="">

Key words  Handedness - Dynamics - Rhythmic movement - Synergies - Human

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