The branching pattern of the ulnar nerve in the forearm is of great importance in anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve
for decompression after neuropathy of cubital tunnel syndrom and malformations resulting from distal end fractures of the
humerus. In this study, 37 formalin-fixed forearms were used to demonstrate the muscular branching patterns from the main
ulnar nerve to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) and ulnar part of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle (FDP). Eight
branching patterns were found and classified into four groups according to the number of the muscular branches leaving the
main ulnar nerve. Two (Group I) and three (Group II) branches left the main ulnar nerve in 18 and 17 forearms respectively.
The remaining two specimens had four (Group III) and five (Group IV) branches each. Usually one or two branches were associated
with the innervation of the FCU. However, in 2 cases, three and in one, four branches to FCU were observed. The FDP received
a single branch in all cases, except in four, all of which had two branches. In six forearms, a common trunk was observed
arising from the ulnar nerve to supply the FCU and FDP. The distribution of the muscular branches to the revealed muscles
was outlined in figures and the distance of the origin of these branches from the interepicondylar line was measured in millimeters.
The first muscular branch leaving the main ulnar nerve was the FCU-branch in all specimens. The terminal muscular branch of
the ulnar nerve to the forearm muscles arose at the proximal 1/3 of the forearm in all specimens. In 7 forearms, Martin-Gruber
anastomosis in form of median to ulnar was observed.
Keywords Cubital tunnel syndrome - Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle - Flexor digitorum profundus muscle - Innervation - Martin-Gruber anastomosis - Muscular branches - Nerve transfer - Ulnar nerve