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Hardware Implementation of Block-based Motion Estimation for Real Time Applications

Maher E. RizkallaContact Information, Paul Salama1, Mohamed El-Sharkawy1 and Modukuri Sushmitha1

(1)  Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 723W Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

Received: 31 October 2005  Revised: 31 October 2005  Accepted: 1 December 2006  Published online: 5 May 2007

Abstract  This work describes the VHDL design and implementation of block-based motion estimation in order to make it feasible for real-time video applications. The design was functionally tested and simulated using ModelSim from Mentor Graphics tools, and then verified using both a VHDL testbench and the Matlab® Image processing tools. The design was tested for different image sizes at different clock frequencies with varying block sizes and search areas. With a clock frequency of 400 MHz, the estimated time for motion estimation for QCIF and CIF sequences shows the feasibility for real-time video-codec.

Keywords  motion estimation - fast search algorithms - exhaustive search algorithm - VLSI - VHDL implementation - finite state machine


Contact Information Maher E. Rizkalla
Email: mrizkall@iupui.edu

Maher E. Rizkalla   received his Ph.D in electrical engineering from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio in 1985. From Jan 1985 to Sep 1986, he was a Visiting Scientist at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL while being a Visiting Assistant Professor at Purdue University Calumet. Since 1986 he has been with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), where he is Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. His research interests include solid-state electronics, VLSI design as applied to DSP, electromagnetics, and engineering education. He has published over 100 papers in these areas. He received the outstanding teaching awards in the ECE Department and in the School five times and was the Professor of the Year at Purdue Calumet in 1986. He is the recipient of one NSF grant, and two FIPSE grants, and is COPI of a number of industrial and equipment grants. Dr. Rizkalla is a Senior Member, IEEE, and a Professional Engineer (PE) registered in the State of Indiana.
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Paul Salama   received the B.Sc in Electrical Engineering (First Class Honors) from the University of Khartoum in 1991, and the M.S.E.E. and the Ph.D. degrees from Purdue University in 1993 and 1999, respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). His research interests include image processing, image and video compression, image restoration and ill-posed problems, medical image analysis, reliable transmission of compressed Video, and joint compression and encryption techniques for compressed images and video. Dr. Salama is a member of the IEEE, SPIE, Tau Beta Pi, and Eta Kappa Nu.
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Mohamed El-Sharkawy   received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, in 1985. He joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, IUPUI in 1992 as Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering. He is a Full Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering since 1995. He is the author of four textbooks: “Real-Time Digital Signal Processing Applications with Motorola’s DSP56000 Family”, Prentice-Hall, 1990, “Signal Processing, Image Processing and Graphics Applications with Motorola’s DSP96002”, Volume I and II, Prentice-Hall, 1994 and 1995, Digital Signal Processing Applications with Motorola’s DSP56002 Processor, Prentice-Hall, 1996. He is in the process of publishing a fifth book in 2006: Advanced Control Applications with 56800/E Digital Signal Controllers. He received over 2.5 million dollars of research grants from local and national industrial partners such as Thomson Consumer Electronics, Acterna, HomePNA, Delphi Delco Electronics, Motorola, Harman International, Wavetek, JDS and Cummins. He received over 133 thousand dollars of industrial equipment grants and over 17 million dollars of software equipment grant. He provided consultations for a large number of companies such as Nortel, Otis, Siemens Energy, Vermeer Manufacturing, Eaton Vorad Technology and Delco Delphi. He has published over 150 papers in the areas of digital signal processing, image processing, multimedia and communications. He is a member of Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi. He received the Outstanding Graduate Student Award from Southern Methodist University in 1985. He received the Abraham M. Max Distinguished Professor Award from Purdue University in April 1996.
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Sushmitha Modukuri   received her Bachelor's degree in Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering from Sir C.R. Reddy College of Engineering, a reputed institute affiliated to Andhra University, in Spring 2001. In August 2004, she received her Master's degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis. Her research interests include digital signal processing, VLSI design, and image processing.
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