A spatio-temporal generalization involves not only conventional temporal strategies that determine the player’s action based
on the opponent past actions but also spatial strategies based on the neighbor players’ current actions and configurations.
This framework allows the model to be dealt as a second order cellular automaton. With this involvement of the spatial strategies,
we have observed a membrane formation which protects the cooperating clusters from being corroded by defecting intruders.
Keywords spatial prisoner’s dilemma - generalized prisoner’s dilemma - second order cellular automata - membrane formation - maintenance of cooperating clusters