Objective  

To assess the effect of baseline variables, including treatment, on clinical cure and survival rates in patients with Gram-positive, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Design  

Retrospective analysis of two randomized, double-blind studies.

Setting  

Multinational study with 134 sites.

Patients  

544 patients with suspected Gram-positive VAP, including 264 with documented Gram-positive VAP and 91 with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) VAP.

Interventions  

Linezolid 600 mg or vancomycin 1 g every 12 h for 7–21 days, each with aztreonam.

Measurements and results  

Clinical cure rates assessed 12–28 days after the end of therapy and excluding indeterminate or missing outcomes significantly favored linezolid in the Gram-positive and MRSA subsets. Logistic regression showed that linezolid was an independent predictor of clinical cure with odds ratios of 1.8 for all patients, 2.4 for Gram-positive VAP, and 20.0 for MRSA VAP. Kaplan-Meier survival rates favored linezolid in the MRSA subset. Logistic regression showed that linezolid was an independent predictor of survival with odds ratios of 1.6 for all patients, 2.6 for Gram-positive VAP, and 4.6 for MRSA VAP.

Conclusions  

Initial linezolid therapy was associated with significantly better clinical cure and survival rates than was initial vancomycin therapy in patients with MRSA VAP.