The preceding chapter described the difficulties and dilemmas of problem solving. Some of these can be avoided or minimized by choosing suitable analysis and design methods to assist understanding and action. A method is a set of principles and procedures to guide the problem-solving process. It also incorporates values that can be identified by examining what it includes and what it leaves out. Some methods are described as having an engineering orientation because they focus on the structure and relationships of machines. Other are called sociotechnical because they give equal weight both to technical structures and to people.