The search for scientific bases for confronting problems of social policy is bound to fail, becuase of the nature of these problems. They are

wicked

problems, whereas science has developed to deal with

tame

problems. Policy problems cannot be definitively described. Moreover, in a pluralistic society there is nothing like the undisputable public good; there is no objective definition of equity; policies that respond to social problems cannot be meaningfully correct or false; and it makes no sense to talk about

optimal solutions

to social problems unless severe qualifications are imposed first. Even worse, there are no

solutions

in the sense of definitive and objective answers.
This is a modification of a paper presented to the Panel on Policy Sciences, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Boston, December 1969.