The probabilistic theory of random and biased nets is further developed by the “tracing” method treated previously. A number
of biases expected to be operating in nets, particularly in sociograms, is described. Distribution of closed chain lengths
is derived for random nets and for nets with a simple “reflexive” bias. The “island model” bias is treated for the case of
two islands and a single axon tracing, resulting in a pair of linear difference equations with two indices. The reflexive
bias is extended to multiple-axon tracing by an approximate method resulting in a modification of the random net recursion
formula. Results previously obtained are compared with empirical findings and attempts are made to account for observed discrepancies.