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The evidence base for the use of dietary supplements is well documented for some, such as the essential nutrients, but it
is scant for others, such as some designer supplements and botanicals.
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Popular dietary supplements consumed by older Americans that have national public health recommendations and established guidelines
for use include omega-3 fatty acids; the B vitamins, folic acid, vitamins B6, and B12; vitamins D and E; and the minerals, calcium, potassium, and magnesium.
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Dietary supplements not endorsed by national public health recommendations but with a considerable evidence base upon which
randomized clinical trials can be planned or guidelines for use might be formulated include coenzyme Q10, creatine, and the
botanicals black cohosh, French pine bark, Ginkgo biloba, and saw palmetto.
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A clinical deficiency of vitamins or minerals, other than iron and possibly vitamin D, is uncommon in the United States, except
for certain high-risk groups.
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In situations when recommended nutrients cannot be obtained by food alone or retained by the body because of impaired absorption
or other physiologic limitations, dietary supplements can provide benefit. When taken, multivitamin preparations should include
100% of the daily value for vitamins B12, B6, D, and folic acid.
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Key Words: Dietary supplements - nutrients - botanicals - DSHEA - needs assessment - evidence-based guidelines - health claims