In a survey conducted on 1500 individuals, an overall prevalence of 14.3% for the year 1990 was found for urinary stone disease in the Balearic Islands. The prevalence showed higher figures for people living in rural areas than for those living in cities, and this could be correlated with traditional living habits such as traditional Balearic diet. Finally, a surprising fact is that only 54% had consulted a urologist as outpatients and the rare occasion at which the calculi were analyzed (15.1%).